一种气动式冲击响应谱试验系统的设计与分析

大多数航天器单机产品都要求进行冲击响应谱试验,试验量级普遍为1000g~2000g,甚至超过3000g。对于较大质量(如50 kg以上)产品高量级的冲击试验,振动台、传统的摆锤式或跌落式冲击试验台均很难满足相关要求。文章研究并设计了一套能够进行大质量受试产品高量级冲击响应谱试验的气动冲击试验系统。该系统利用压缩空气瞬间释放膨胀推动质量块加速撞击具有多阶固有频率的谐振板,通过谐振板被激起的响应模拟复杂的衰减正弦波。测试结果表明,系统空载时冲击谱量级达8000g,负载200 kg时可达5000g,时域曲线为振荡衰减波,持续时间小于10 ms。文章提出的气动式冲击响应谱试验系统设计方法可为此类冲击试验系统的设计提供参考和理论依据。     

A simple control law for reducing the effective characteristic acceleration of a solar sail

The direction and magnitude of a solar sail acceleration are strongly related. For this reason, once the characteristic acceleration has been fixed, it is not possible to modulate the acceleration in a particular direction. In this work, a semi-analytical switching control law is derived, enabling a solar sail to emulate a smaller effective characteristic acceleration (without changes in geometry or optical properties); by periodically changing the pitch (cone) angle of the sail, in average over time, the acceleration produced by the sail matches exactly (in both direction and magnitude) that of a “smaller” sail. The range in which this is possible is determined, and the limitations on this range due to the size difference is computed. The method is validated on optimal Earth-Mars trajectories.     

Hexapod多自由度微激励系统的振动时域波形控制

摘要： Hexapod多自由度微激励系统常用于航天器有效载荷在轨微振动环境的模拟，但采用现有控制方法无法精确稳定跟踪低频正弦加速度，这是由于系统耦合度高、非线性在低频段较强，被控对象相位滞后过大造成的.针对此问题，基于传统离线迭代控制方法，提出一种复合超前校正、多倍频陷波滤波器的改进离线迭代控制方法.其中，离线迭代进行补偿控制，超前校正进一步补偿系统相位，多倍频陷波滤波器去除非线性干扰.跟踪低频定频正弦加速度的实验结果表明，对比传统离线迭代控制方法，改进方法收敛快、控制精度高；对比现有自适应正弦振动控制方法，改进方法将符合精度要求的加速度控制频带下限由14.5 Hz扩宽至8 Hz.实验结果验证了所提方法的有效性.     

航天器用固态功率放大器加速寿命试验方法研究

针对航天器电子产品的寿命预示问题,文章指出对航天器电子产品开展加速寿命试验(ALT)研究,首先要利用故障模式、机理及影响分析(FMMEA),确定产品的主要失效机理和敏感应力;然后利用理论分析或可靠性强化试验确定产品的工作极限;最后设计出完整的试验方案。针对航天器固态功率放大器进行试验,验证了加速寿命试验在航天器电子产品中的适用性。     

一种验证科氏加速度存在的实验装置及其动力学分析

科氏加速度是理论力学中公认的教学重点和难点,如何将科氏加速度形象地展示出来一直是学者与高校老师追求的目标。针对这一知识点,结合地球仪的外形,巧妙地实现了小球在科氏地球仪上旋转运动和直线运动的完美结合。根据科氏加速度理论,设计转速可调的旋转平台,在平台上设置能实现不同速度的直线运动装置,小球在旋转平台上作直线运动,从而受到科氏力的作用。初始状态时,安装在运动装置内的钢球处于平衡状态;工作时,由于科氏力的作用,钢球压迫弹簧,弹簧发生变形,利用滑轮、引线和位移补偿丝杆组成的传递机构,将弹簧变形量传递到显示装置,从而显示科氏加速度的存在。与现有科氏加速度验证实验装置所不同的是,此装置结构新颖,能吸引学生深入理解和掌握科氏加速度的概念。     

一种修正的Osher通量在高阶WCNS中的特性

将一种基于多维修正的Osher通量运用于高阶加权紧致非线性格式(WCNS)中,该修正通量主要在垂直于激波面的界面上增加耗散,能够改善Osher通量的激波捕捉稳定性,同时对边界层和接触间断的分辨率影响非常小。对修正的Osher通量在高阶WCNS中的特性进行研究,通过数值模拟测试了基于Osher通量的WCNS的激波稳定性、热流预测精度、边界层模拟能力、激波边界层干扰模拟能力,并与Steger-Warming通量和Roe通量进行了对比。结果表明修正后的Osher通量比Harten修正的Roe通量具有更好的激波捕捉鲁棒性,而边界层、驻点热流值和激波边界层干扰的模拟则明显优于Steger-Warming通量。上述结果说明了基于修正的Osher通量的高阶WCNS具有较好的激波捕捉特性、热流预测精度和边界层计算能力。     

Prediction of shock-layer ultraviolet radiation for hypersonic vehicles in near space

A systemic and validated model was developed to predict ultraviolet spectra features from the shock layer of near-space hypersonic vehicles in the ‘‘solar blind" band region. Computational procedures were performed with 7-species thermal non-equilibrium fluid mechanics, finite rate chemistry, and radiation calculations. The thermal non-equilibrium flow field was calculated with a two-temperature model by the finite volume technique and verified against the bow-shock ultra-violet(BSUV) flight experiments. The absorption coefficient of the mixture gases was evaluated with a line-by-line method and validated through laboratory shock tube measurements. Using the line of sight(LOS) method, radiation was calculated from three BSUV flights at altitudes of 38,53.5 and 71 km. The investigation focused on the level and structure of ultraviolet spectra radiated from a NO band system in wavelengths of 200–400 nm. Results predicted by the current model show qualitative spatial agreement with the measured data. At a velocity of 3.5 km/s(about Mach11), the peak absolute intensity at an altitude of 38 km is two orders of magnitude higher than that at 53.5 km. Under the same flight conditions, the spectra structures have quite a similar distribution at different viewing angles. The present computational model performs well in the prediction of the ultraviolet spectra emitted from the shock layer and will contribute to the investigation and analysis of radiative features of hypersonic vehicles in near space.     

Electric potential structures of auroral acceleration region border from multi-spacecraft Cluster data

This paper studies an auroral event using data from three spacecraft of the Cluster mission, one inside and two at the poleward edge of the bottom of the Auroral Acceleration Region (AAR). The study reveals the three-dimensional profile of the region’s poleward boundary, showing spatial segmentation of the electric potential structures and their decay in time. It also depicts localized magnetic field variations and field-aligned currents that appear to have remained stable for at least 80?s. Such observations became possible due to the fortuitous motion of the three spacecraft nearly parallel to each other and tangential to the AAR edge, so that the differences and variations can be seen when the spacecraft enter and exit the segmentations, hence revealing their position with respect to the AAR.     

火星大气进入段抗饱和固定时间阻力加速度跟踪制导律设计

研究了具有固定时间收敛特性的火星探测器大气进入段的标称轨迹跟踪制导问题。首先，针对横向运动，给出与速度成线性关系的航向误差漏斗走廊形式，完成了倾侧角的反号逻辑设计。与横程漏斗走廊反号逻辑相比，该逻辑计算量小，更适用于宇航计算机。与航向误差宽度走廊反号逻辑相比，该逻辑在高速状态下能够避免倾侧角的频繁切换，可提高任务成功的概率。其次，针对纵向运动，通过RBF神经网络补偿了倾侧角饱和问题，利用积分滑模设计了阻力加速度固定时间饱和跟踪制导律，其不仅可有效消除滑模控制的抖振问题，且将跟踪误差以两种不同形式引入制导律，能够加速收敛，能够保证跟踪误差在固定时间内快速收敛至0。最后，通过数值仿真验证了所设计的横向倾侧角切换逻辑和纵向制导律对标称轨迹的快速、精确跟踪能力。     

LENS风洞试验返回器模型气动热特性模拟

国家数值风洞高超声速流动模拟软件HyFLOW的研制对打破国外同类软件的技术壁垒具有重要意义。与国外DPLR软件进行了对比研究，同时系统介绍了HyFLOW软件求解器的数值方法、物理化学模型以及壁面催化特性计算模型等主要方法，采用典型算例对有限催化模型进行了数值验证，最后基于LENS风洞试验146 mm返回器标模外形开展了高超声速气动热特性数值模拟。研究结果表明，HyFLOW软件在高超声速热化学非平衡流动模拟与评估方面的气动力计算精度高，与国外同类软件DPLR相当，同时其壁面催化条件下的气动热计算精度可靠，可信度高。